How Many Calories in 7 Oz Beef Chuck
From offscreen friendships and jarring pay inequality to the special effects and makeup tricks that brought some of the world's favorite moving-picture show characters to life, The Magician of Oz (1939) had and so much going on behind the emerald curtain and the Technicolor gloss of an astonishing fantasy world.
In honor of the 80th anniversary of the film, follow the xanthous brick slideshow to peek behind that curtain and learn more about the secrets and fun facts that make the beloved film a timeless classic.
Margaret Hamilton Was a Fan Before the Film
Equally a self-proclaimed lifelong fan of L. Frank Baum'southward Oz series, Margaret Hamilton was thrilled to exist considered for a role in the 1939 motion picture adaptation. Hamilton called her amanuensis to ask which character the producers wanted her to play, and her amanuensis famously said, "The witch — who else?"
Hamilton, a single female parent, fought MGM for an agreed upon amount of guaranteed work time. Iii days before filming began, the studio agreed to a five-week deal. In the end, Hamilton was on set for three months, but many of her scenes were cut for being too scary for audiences.
Dorothy's Original Look Was More than Movie Star Than Subcontract Daughter
Sure, Dorothy Gale doesn't need prosthetics or aluminum makeup, but that doesn't mean Judy Garland wasn't put through the costume department wringer. Although she was young at the fourth dimension, the 16-year-old Garland had to wear a corset-like device so she looked more similar a preadolescent child.
Director Richard Thorpe suggested Garland clothing a blonde wig and loads of "baby-doll" makeup (as any preadolescent daughter would…). Luckily, that vision of the character changed. Later MGM fired Thorpe, the intermediate managing director George Cukor nixed the heavy makeup and wig. Instead, he told Garland to exist herself. Smart move.
The "Skywriting" Scene Employed Some Nifty Movie Magic
The Wizard of Oz employs a lot of great film tricks, and some of the about unique were used in the skywriting scene. In information technology, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) flies higher up the Emerald City, leaving the phrase "Surrender Dorothy" in her wake in black fume.
Using a hypodermic needle, the special effects team spread black ink across the lesser of a glass tank that was filled with a thick, tinted liquid (some speculate milk). They wrote the phrase in opposite and filmed the scene from below. Initially, the skywriting ended with the ominous "Or Die — W West W."
The "Snow" in the Poppy Field Was Actually Dangerous
Ane of the Wicked Witch's last-ditch efforts to impede Dorothy'due south quest to run into the Wonderful Sorcerer of Oz involves a poppy field and some magical slumber-inducing snowfall. While many like to joke that the poppies and their drowsiness are the consequence of opium (a component of poppies), the scene has a much more blatant toxic connection than that.
All that magical snowfall? It's actually 100% industrial-grade chrysotile asbestos. Even though the health risks associated with the material were known at the time, information technology was still Hollywood'southward preferred choice for faux snow. Our advice to Dorothy? Don't catch any snowflakes on your tongue.
Scarecrow'southward Makeup Stuck Around for Awhile
In the finish, Ray Bolger (Scarecrow) was probably grateful in more ways than one for Buddy Ebsen (the original Tin Man'south) willingness to trade parts with him. The Tin Man's aluminum makeup caused a huge corporeality of problems for Ebsen, who was replaced past Jack Haley.
Although Bolger's makeup experience was better than Ebsen's, he nevertheless had some issues. The Scarecrow's makeup consisted of a rubber prosthetic, complete with a woven pattern that mimicked the look of burlap. Subsequently the moving picture wrapped, the prosthetic left patterns on Bolger's face that took more than a year to fade.
Margaret Hamilton Was Burned On Gear up
In a outburst of flames and red fume, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) vanishes from Munchkinland. Although the scene is terrifying for viewers, information technology may have instilled more fear for Hamilton. On the first take, the smoke rose from a subconscious trapdoor as well early on.
For the second take, Hamilton stood on the trapdoor as planned, only her cape snagged on the platform when the fire flared up. Her copper-containing makeup heated up instantly, causing 2d- and third-degree burns on her hands and face up. To make matters worse, the crew tried to remedy her burns with (an even more painful) acetone solvent.
The Flight Monkeys Became Falling Monkeys
The Wicked Witch'southward legion of flying monkeys — or Winged Monkeys every bit they're called in the source material — have certainly been a source of terror for generations. Almost as scary equally the Witch herself, these henchmen soar onto the scene to kidnap Dorothy and Toto — thanks to the magic of piano wires.
Even so, the aerial stunt went awry when several of the piano wires snapped, sending actors plummeting a few feet to the soundstage floor. To create such a vast troupe of monkeys (and cut down on human marionettes), filmmakers made miniature rubber monkeys to help populate the sky.
"Over the Rainbow" Was Near on the Cutting Room Floor
To no one'south surprise, the American Motion-picture show Plant ranked "Over the Rainbow" #1 on a list of 100 Greatest Songs in American Films. Only what may surprise yous? The (arguably) most iconic vocal of Judy Garland'southward career was virtually cut from the picture show.
Studio execs at MGM idea the song fabricated the Kansas scenes too long. Moreover, filmmakers were concerned that children wouldn't understand the song'south meaning. Luckily, this unfounded business concern melted similar lemon drops. Unfortunately, Garland'due south tearful reprise of the song was left on the cut room flooring.
The Tin Man Costume Didn't Allow Jack Haley to Rest Easy
Although Bert Lahr had to schlep around in a xc-pound lion costume, Jack Haley didn't have it piece of cake either. From the lingering concerns nigh the aluminum paste-based makeup on his confront and easily to the minimal flexibility of the "tin" torso and artillery, Haley faced some challenges.
Reportedly, his costume was and so stiff that he had to lean against a lath to rest properly. Many years subsequently, actor Anthony Daniels, known for playing the protocol droid C-3PO in the Star Wars films, had the same result with his rigid costume. Information technology seems fifty-fifty fantasy and sci-fi tin't help folks escape all their bug.
The Original Tin Man Was Rushed to the Hospital
Initially, Buddy Ebsen was bandage equally the Scarecrow, just traded parts with Ray Bolger. However, Ebsen'southward new character, the Tin Homo, acquired him a world of issues. Namely, the character's silverish makeup contained a harmful aluminum grit that coated Ebsen's lungs.
To brand matters worse, Ebsen had an allergic reaction, and, unable to breathe, he was rushed to the hospital. MGM recast the role with Jack Haley (and inverse up the makeup), but didn't explain why Ebsen "dropped out." Although Ebsen didn't announced in the final picture, his vocals can be heard in "Nosotros're Off to See the Sorcerer."
A Stocking & Some Miniatures Gave Us the Tornado
The tornado that strikes the Gale homestead is full of practical special effects that really hold up. The funnel itself was actually a 35-human foot long stocking made of muslin. The special furnishings team spun information technology around miniatures that resembled the farms and fields of Kansas. Confronting the painted backdrop, the tornado looks menacing.
The Gale house, which falls from the sky and into Oz, is merely a miniature house that was dropped onto a heaven painting. Filmmakers then reversed the footage to go far look similar the firm was falling out of the clouds.
Hollywood Didn't Pay Upward Then Either
Pay inequality has always been an upshot in Hollywood. For example, Adriana Caselotti, voice of the titular character in Walt Disney's Snow White and the Vii Dwarfs (1937), made $970 for her performance. The motion picture went on to make roughly $eight million.
According to the Los Angeles Times, Judy Garland'south pay was meliorate than Caselotti's — playing Dorothy earned her $500 a week — but it withal didn't reflect the motion picture'southward success. Even more discouraging, the folks who portrayed the citizens of Munchkinland were paid a mere $50 per week. (Meanwhile, Terry the domestic dog earned $125 per week as Toto. A real yikes.)
Bert Lahr's Lion Costume Was Taxing
Originally, MGM thought it might cast its mascot — the actual lion used in the studio's title card — as the cowardly character. Fortunately, for the safety of the actors and the animal, the filmmakers decided to bandage histrion Bert Lahr as the anthropomorphic character instead.
To make a convincing brute, the costume department fashioned Lahr a ninety-pound outfit fabricated from real lion skin. Even so, the arc lights used on ready made things a steamy 100 degrees during filming, which meant Lahr did a lot of sweating unrelated to his character's nerves. Each nighttime, two stagehands stale the costume for the next mean solar day.
The Initial Box Role Returns Were Uneven
The pic started shooting in Oct of 1938 merely didn't wrap until March of 1939, racking upwards an unheard of $2,777,000 in costs. That's nearly $50 1000000 adapted for inflation. Upon its initial release, the movie but earned $3 one thousand thousand at the box office — about $51.8 million past today's standards.
Although that seems impressive for a Depression-era film, remember that Disney made $8 million with Snow White and the 7 Dwarfs (1937). The Wizard of Oz's minor success in the U.South. barely covered production and film rights' costs — MGM paid $75,000 to the publisher for those — but success overseas fortunately bolstered the pic's returns.
The Dark Side of Oz in a Time Before "Me Besides"
Judy Garland was just 16 years sometime when she was cast as Dorothy. Insecure and lonesome, she became addicted to amphetamines and barbiturates, which were often given to young actors to aid them slumber after studios shot them up with adrenaline so they could piece of work long hours.
The spotlight — and her damaging contract with MGM — didn't assist, leading to her lifelong struggles with an eating disorder and alcoholism. Co-ordinate to a writer for Express, "[Garland] was molested past older men, including studio chiefs [and head Louis B. Mayer], who considered her little more than their 'belongings.'" Moreover, MGM forced Garland to stick to a wildly unhealthy diet of cigarettes, coffee and craven soup.
The Vocalization of Snow White Had a Cameo
A few years before The Magician of Oz debuted, Walt Disney's feature-length animated movie Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) became a smash-striking. Not just did the film revolutionize the animation industry, it as well reinvigorated the fantasy genre.
Disney wanted to follow up Snowfall White — so the most successful moving-picture show of all time — with an accommodation of The Wizard of Oz, simply MGM owned the rights. By happenstance, Adriana Caselotti, who voiced Snowfall White, had an uncredited part in Oz. During the Tin Man'south "If I Merely Had a Center," Caselotti speaks her sole line, "Wherefore art thou Romeo?"
The Cherry Slippers Are Props & Treasured Artifacts
Keeping in line with the book, Dorothy's iconic footwear was originally silver, just screenwriter Noel Langley felt the reddish colour would really popular in glorious Technicolor. Designed past MGM'southward main costume designer Gilbert Adrian, the shoes are each covered in most 2,300 sequins.
One of the remaining pairs is on view in the Smithsonian Institution'due south National Museum of American History. Since the display is and so heavily trafficked, the museum has replaced the rug there several times. Another pair were stolen from Minnesota's Judy Garland Museum in 2005, but the FBI recovered the slippers for the institution in 2018.
Simply I Sequence Was Filmed "On Location"
The Wizard of Oz is your archetype take chances story, and Dorothy's quest leads her from a Kansas farm to another globe — complete with corn fields, poppy-filled meadows and forests. Nevertheless, despite all these breathtaking locations, nearly all the scenes were shot on a soundstage.
As was customary at the time, immense, detailed backdrops were painted by studio artists, making information technology possible for filmmakers to transport audiences to far abroad places without filming on location. In fact, the only location footage in the film is the opening title sequence — those clouds are 100% the existent bargain.
A 2nd Toto Was Brought In
Toto, played primarily by Terry, is one of the almost love dogs in motion picture history. Terry was famously not a huge fan of special effects and can oftentimes be seen running out of a shot when something loud or alarming happens — like when the Tin Man spouts out all of that steam.
Afterward one of the Witch's guards accidentally stepped on her, Terry was on bedrest for two weeks. Filmmakers went through 2 doubles to observe i that resembled the original canine role player more closely.
Fun fact: Judy Garland was so addicted of Terry that she wanted to adopt the dog.
Margaret Hamilton "Mourns the Wicked" Witch
In addition to existence a huge fan of the Oz books, Margaret Hamilton also believed her character was more merely your run-of-the-mill evil villain. More than 35 years later on the film debuted, Hamilton, donning her Witch'due south costume to show kids it was make-believe, appeared on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, where Fred Rogers interviewed her almost the graphic symbol.
Co-ordinate to Hamilton, the and then-called Wicked Witch relished everything she did, but she was as well a sorry, lonely figure. In curt, things never went well for the frustrated Witch. Oddly enough, the Broadway musical Wicked too takes this approach to the Witch'due south graphic symbol.
The "Equus caballus of a Different Color" Was Fabricated Possible Thanks to a Nutrient Product
In 1939, audiences were just as amazed as Dorothy, Scarecrow, Tin Man and the Cowardly Lion when the equus caballus in Emerald City took on a rainbow of colors. This "horse of a unlike color" was made possible thanks to a surprising nutrient particular…
Jell-O crystals were used to color the horses, which meant filmmakers had to move chop-chop — the animals were eager to lick upwardly the sweet treat. But the colorful steed isn't the merely interesting component in this fan-favorite scene. The horse-drawn carriage was once owned by President Abraham Lincoln and at present resides at the Judy Garland Museum.
The Makeup Section Hired on Extra Hands
From the citizens of Munchkinland and Emerald City to the Witch's flying monkeys, and then many actors had to undergo a makeup transformation in club to give life to this fantasy film. To keep up with the daily demands, MGM called upon workers from the studio mailroom and courier service to manage makeup stations.
Since most of the Ozian ensemble required prosthetics, makeup artists — and "makeshift" artists — formed a kind of costuming assembly line. Almost actors had to go far earlier 5:00 in the morning — six days a calendar week! — to brainstorm the intensive procedure.
Memorable (& Often Misquoted) Lines Make full the Film
The film is chock-full of iconic, memorable songs, and it has the great fortune of being responsible for some of the most quoted lines in pic history also. In 2007, Premiere compiled a listing of "The 100 Greatest Movie Lines" and placed a whopping three of the pic's lines on the listing.
"Pay no attention to that man behind the curtain" was voted #24, while "At that place's no place like home" nabbed the 11th spot. Finally, the frequently misquoted "Toto, I have a feeling nosotros're not in Kansas anymore" landed in the 62nd spot.
The Witch'south Fire Employed Some Technical Wizardry (& Juice)
Clearly, the technical wizardry — or witchcraft — in the picture show is incredible. Like the "horse of a different color" sequence, some other iconic, special effects-heavy scene harnessed the power of everyday household items to pull off fun tricks.
Before long after Dorothy arrives in Munchkinland, the Wicked Witch tries to snatch the scarlet slippers from the young girl's feet. Nevertheless, fire strikes the Witch'southward hands, repelling her. This "fire" is actually apple juice spouting from the slippers in a sped-up prune to make it look more than flame-like.
Technicolor Required Some Ingenuity in the Props Section
Experimenting with Technicolor was part fun and part trouble-solving for filmmakers. In order to properly capture scenes with the Technicolor camera, the soundstage needed to be lit with arc lights, which oft heated the set upwards to a toasty 100 degrees.
Afterwards the lights were ready, the experts experimented with what would look best on film, especially in colorized grade. For instance, the white part of Dorothy'south dress is actually pink — just because information technology filmed better. And the oil the Tin Man is so excited about? Information technology's actually chocolate syrup.
The Wicked Witch of the E Makes More than Than One Appearance
Role of the Wicked Witch of the Due west's beef with Dorothy is that the young daughter dropped a house on her sister, the Wicked Witch of the East, who was the short-lived owner of the ruby slippers. Although Margaret Hamilton already plays both the Wicked Witch of the West and her Kansas analogue Almira Gulch, she likewise plays the Wicked Witch of the East — if but briefly.
During the tornado sequence, an befuddled Dorothy looks out her chamber window and watches Gulch transform into a witch, her shoes shimmering. For fans, this glint indicates the witch exterior the window is wearing the ruby slippers. The restored version of the film makes that shimmer even more than noticeable.
The Film'south Running Time Was Cutting Downward Several Times
The first cut of the film clocked in at a running time of 120 minutes. Although that seems like nil by today's Marvel picture show standards, producer Mervyn LeRoy felt information technology was long and unwieldy and wanted to chop off 20 minutes.
After cutting the famed "Jitterbug" number (peak right) and an extended Scarecrow trip the light fantastic sequence, the moving picture was 112 minutes long. LeRoy held a second preview screening, and, later on, nixed Dorothy's "Over the Rainbow" reprise, an Emerald City reprise of "Ding! Dong! The Witch Is Dead," a scene where the Tin Human becomes a human being beehive (Yikes!) and a few Kansas sequences.
And so Much for a "Wicked" Witch
Filmmakers deemed Margaret Hamilton'due south Wicked Witch of the West performance too frightening for audiences and cutting or trimmed many of her scenes. But not everyone thought her performance was terrifying — namely Judy Garland, who played the Wicked Witch's nemesis, Dorothy Gale.
Off-screen, the picture show'south starring foes were actually friends. One story that emerged from the set up described Garland excitedly showing off a dress to Hamilton, declaring she was going to article of clothing it for her graduation. Unfortunately, MGM's Louis B. Mayer sent Garland on a press tour the mean solar day of her graduation. Upset, Hamilton phoned Mayer and chewed him out.
Giving Credit to Technicolor
In the opening credits, the text reads "Photographed in Technicolor," equally opposed to the more apt "Color Sequences by Technicolor." The phrasing of the credits makes it seem as though the unabridged motion picture was shot in colour. Was this done deliberately, or was it a modest syntactical faux pas?
It's widely believed this was a chip of a stunt done to raise the surprise of the picture turning into full iii-strip Technicolor when Dorothy arrives in Oz. Posters fabricated at the fourth dimension of the moving-picture show'southward debut fabricated no mention of sepia tint (or "blackness-and-white"), adding credence to this theory.
One of History's Most-Watched Films
Although The Magician of Oz proved popular in theaters, some other film released the same year, also directed by Victor Fleming, actually topped the box office. (You may have heard of that piddling movie — it's chosen Gone with the Wind.) Nevertheless, MGM's musical fantasy may have more staying ability than other films of the era, thanks in part to re-releases.
The film was first broadcast on television on Nov 3, 1956, and garnered an impressive 44 meg viewers. It's believed that The Wizard of Oz is ane of the ten nigh-watched characteristic-length movies in film history, largely due to the number of almanac television set screenings, theater viewings and various format re-releases.
Source: https://www.ask.com/tvmovies/wizard-of-oz-facts?utm_content=params%3Ao%3D740004%26ad%3DdirN%26qo%3DserpIndex
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